Economic Profile
Environmental
Profile
Government
Policies & Laws
Urban
Environment & Infrastructure
Private Sector
and Academia
Environmental
Awareness &
Public Involvement
U.S.
Government
Activities
Bilateral & Multilateral
Activities
Opportunities
References
Endnotes
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India�s 936 million people constitute
more than 16 percent of the world�s population, yet India, at about
one-third the size of the United States, occupies only 2.4 percent of
the Earth�s land surface. Approximately 39 percent of the population
is considered "extremely poor"�with annual incomes at or below $275*
per capita�compared to China�s 13 percent. About 80 million people or
30 percent of the urban population live in the slums of India�s
twenty-three major cities. Although rich in many mineral and
biological resources, India has only 0.4 percent of the world�s energy
reserves. India�s industrial and environmental policies have
been poorly integrated. Enforcement of industrial environmental
standards has been weak, but community and nongovernmental
organization (NGO) pressures for environmental management have
affected industrial behavior at the community and state level. Market
pressures for environmental management are spotty but important in
some high-growth locations and some industrial sectors, such as
chemicals and textiles.
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